40 to 50% Nickel-Iron Alloys
Cost Efficient Solutions for Demanding Magnetic Sensor Applications and Low-Loss Motors
The group of 40 % to 50 % nickel iron alloys is characterized by a saturation polarization of about 1.3 T to 1.55 T and typical coercivities between 2 A/m and 8 A/m as well as high maximum permeabilities after final annealing.
With these properties, combined with the high ductility of the materials—which facilitates various processing methods for shaping parts—the material class of 40 % to 50 % nickel–iron alloys is well suited for a wide range of applications. These include components of highly sensitive current sensors, contactless position sensors, and magnetic flux-guiding elements in solenoid valves.
The available 40 % to 50 % nickel iron alloys of VAC cover a wider range of electrical resistivity allowing the selection of the best suited material for applications involving dynamic magnetic flux variations like e.g. highly efficient electric motors.
Benefits:
- Low coercivity
- High saturation polarization
- Lowest specific iron-losses
- Ductile and well formable
- RCCB relay parts
- Sensitive current and position sensors, resolvers
- Toroidal cores and laminated cores for e. g. current transformers and storage chokes
- Magnetic shielding
- Magnetic actuators
- Magnetic flux guiding parts and magnetic lenses
- Laminated rotor and stator stacks of highly efficient electrical machines
| Alloy | Strip | Solid Material | Wire | Parts/Laminates/Stacks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERMENORM 5000 H2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| PERMENORM 5000 V5 | ✔ | ✔ | ||
| MEGAPERM 40L | ✔ | ✔ | ||
| ULTRAVAC 44 V6 | ✔ | ✔ |
PERMENORM 5000 V5 and PERMENORM 5000 H2 have a nickel content of about 47.5 wt% which corresponds to a maximum of the saturation polarization JS in the binary NiFe phase diagram. The saturation polarization of both alloys is JS = 1.55 T. The two materials are characterized by a round hysteresis loop with small coercivity. Both alloys are available as strip material, while PERMENORM 5000 H2 is the standard alloy for solid/bar material and wire.
PERMENORM 5000 V5 is an alloy with a closely controlled purity, that is mainly used as strip material. Its isotropic fine grain structure ("rotor grade") is formed during the final high temperature annealing. Complementary, PERMENORM 5000 H2 develops a rather coarse semi-isotropic structure ("transformer grade") in thin strips with a slight directional preference of the magnetic properties in the rolling direction. The maximum DC permeability µmax of thin strip material of these alloys is typically well above 100,000.
MEGAPERM 40L has a Ni-content of 40 wt% and a high saturation polarization of JS = 1.48 T. It combines an isotropic grain structure with the increased electrical resistivity of ρel = 0.6 µΩm, making it an particular interesting alloy for rotors and stators of highly efficient electric machines.
ULTRAVAC 44 V6 a 44 wt% Ni and 3 wt% Mo alloy with an further enhanced electrical resistivity of ρel = 0.8 µΩm and a remarkably low coercivity. It offers an even lower specific losses which is advantageous in particular for electric machines working at higher frequencies.
- RCCB relay parts
- Sensitive current and position sensors, resolvers
- Toroidal cores and laminated cores for e. g. current transformers and storage chokes
- Magnetic shielding
- Magnetic actuators
- Magnetic flux guiding parts and magnetic lenses
- Laminated rotor and stator stacks of highly efficient electrical machines
| Alloy | Strip | Solid Material | Wire | Parts/Laminates/Stacks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERMENORM 5000 H2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| PERMENORM 5000 V5 | ✔ | ✔ | ||
| MEGAPERM 40L | ✔ | ✔ | ||
| ULTRAVAC 44 V6 | ✔ | ✔ |
PERMENORM 5000 V5 and PERMENORM 5000 H2 have a nickel content of about 47.5 wt% which corresponds to a maximum of the saturation polarization JS in the binary NiFe phase diagram. The saturation polarization of both alloys is JS = 1.55 T. The two materials are characterized by a round hysteresis loop with small coercivity. Both alloys are available as strip material, while PERMENORM 5000 H2 is the standard alloy for solid/bar material and wire.
PERMENORM 5000 V5 is an alloy with a closely controlled purity, that is mainly used as strip material. Its isotropic fine grain structure ("rotor grade") is formed during the final high temperature annealing. Complementary, PERMENORM 5000 H2 develops a rather coarse semi-isotropic structure ("transformer grade") in thin strips with a slight directional preference of the magnetic properties in the rolling direction. The maximum DC permeability µmax of thin strip material of these alloys is typically well above 100,000.
MEGAPERM 40L has a Ni-content of 40 wt% and a high saturation polarization of JS = 1.48 T. It combines an isotropic grain structure with the increased electrical resistivity of ρel = 0.6 µΩm, making it an particular interesting alloy for rotors and stators of highly efficient electric machines.
ULTRAVAC 44 V6 a 44 wt% Ni and 3 wt% Mo alloy with an further enhanced electrical resistivity of ρel = 0.8 µΩm and a remarkably low coercivity. It offers an even lower specific losses which is advantageous in particular for electric machines working at higher frequencies.
| Strip Material | Saturation Polarization Js [T] |
Coercivity1 HC [A/m] |
Max. Permeability1 μmax |
Specific iron losses1 @ 1 T / 50 Hz [W/kg] |
Specific iron losses1 @ 1 T / 400 Hz [W/kg] |
Specific iron losses1 @ 1 T / 1 kHz [W/kg] |
| PERMENORM 5000 H22 | 1.55 | 3 | 150,000 | - | - | - |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERMENORM 5000 V52 | 1.55 | 2.5 | 180,000 | 0.30 | 11 | 61 |
| MEGAPERM 40L3 | 1.48 | 6 | 65,000 | 0.27 | 8.9 | 50 |
| ULTRAVAC 44 V62 | 1.35 | 2.5 | 100,000 | 0.25 | 8.1 | 45 |
1typical values for strip thickness 0.35 mm ²annealed for 5 h at 1,150 °C ³annealed for 5 h at 1,000-1,050 °C
| Solid Material | Saturation Polarisation Js [T] |
Coercivity HC [A/m] |
Permeability μmax |
|---|---|---|---|
| PERMENORM 5000 H21 | 1.55 | 5 | 75,000 |
1annealed for 5 h at 1,150 °C
| Alloy | Mass Density ρ [g / cm3] |
Electrical Resistivity ρel [μΩm] |
Curie Temperature TC [°C] |
Thermal Conductivity λ [W/mK] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERMENORM 5000 H2 | 8.25 | 0.45 | 440 | 18 - 21 |
| PERMENORM 5000 V5 | 8.25 | 0.45 | 440 | 18 - 21 |
| MEGAPERM 40L | 8.2 | 0.6 | 330 | 16 - 18 |
| ULTRAVAC 44 V6 | 8.25 | 0.8 | 340 | 13 - 15 |
| Strip Material | Saturation Polarization Js [T] |
Coercivity1 HC [A/m] |
Max. Permeability1 μmax |
Specific iron losses1 @ 1 T / 50 Hz [W/kg] |
Specific iron losses1 @ 1 T / 400 Hz [W/kg] |
Specific iron losses1 @ 1 T / 1 kHz [W/kg] |
| PERMENORM 5000 H22 | 1.55 | 3 | 150,000 | - | - | - |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERMENORM 5000 V52 | 1.55 | 2.5 | 180,000 | 0.30 | 11 | 61 |
| MEGAPERM 40L3 | 1.48 | 6 | 65,000 | 0.27 | 8.9 | 50 |
| ULTRAVAC 44 V62 | 1.35 | 2.5 | 100,000 | 0.25 | 8.1 | 45 |
1typical values for strip thickness 0.35 mm ²annealed for 5 h at 1,150 °C ³annealed for 5 h at 1,000-1,050 °C
| Solid Material | Saturation Polarisation Js [T] |
Coercivity HC [A/m] |
Permeability μmax |
|---|---|---|---|
| PERMENORM 5000 H21 | 1.55 | 5 | 75,000 |
1annealed for 5 h at 1,150 °C
| Alloy | Mass Density ρ [g / cm3] |
Electrical Resistivity ρel [μΩm] |
Curie Temperature TC [°C] |
Thermal Conductivity λ [W/mK] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERMENORM 5000 H2 | 8.25 | 0.45 | 440 | 18 - 21 |
| PERMENORM 5000 V5 | 8.25 | 0.45 | 440 | 18 - 21 |
| MEGAPERM 40L | 8.2 | 0.6 | 330 | 16 - 18 |
| ULTRAVAC 44 V6 | 8.25 | 0.8 | 340 | 13 - 15 |
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